1 : Judgment Guide

Establishes the core judgment that every internationally wrongful act of a State entails its . Crimes Against Humanity

States that each State has the obligation not to engage in acts that constitute crimes against humanity and must prevent and punish them.

Defines the scope as a State's invocation of the responsibility of another State for injury to its nationals caused by a wrongful act. 3. Historical Significance

In international legal scholarship and constitutional history, the phrase most commonly refers to a specific section of the United States Constitution regarding the powers of the Senate in impeachment trials. It also appears in several significant International Law Commission (ILC) draft articles that define the scope of state responsibility and human rights protections. 1. United States Constitution (Article 1, Section 3)

For more detailed research, you can explore the United Nations International Law Commission archives for the full history of these draftings.

While the impeachment judgment is political, the party convicted is still liable and subject to "Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment" under standard law. 2. International Law Commission (ILC) Draft Articles

Several foundational texts in international law use to establish the "judgment" or fundamental principle upon which all subsequent rules are built: Draft Article Topic Article 1 Content State Responsibility

The term "Draft Article 1" often refers to the , specifically Common Article 1 . This article contains the undertaking by parties to "respect and ensure respect" for the conventions in all circumstances. Scholarly "judgment" on this article has shifted over decades from a narrow focus on individual state compliance to a broader obligation for all states to induce compliance from others.